Western Intervention in the Middle East and North Africa

CONTENTS

1 Introduction

I. Introduction
The Question and the Argument
II. An Old Problem in a New Context
The R2P Norm: Establishment and Advancement
III. Analytic Framework
Constructivism: Social Realities of International Relations
Constructivism and R2P in Research
The Concept of 'Intervener Identity'
IV. Methodology
Case Study Selection and Justification: Why Libya and Syria?
Data Generation
Successes, Challenges, and Limitations
V. Book Structure

2 Libya and Syria - Background: Instability, Tensions, and Abuses

I. Introduction
II. Libya
Instability of the State
The Role of Outside Powers
Human Rights Abuses
The Arab Spring Arrives in Libya
III. Syria
Instability of the State
The Role of Outside Powers
Human Rights Abuses
The Arab Spring Arrives in Syria
IV. Conclusion

3 Libya - R2P in Perception (Pre-Intervention): History, Knowledge, and Influences

I. Introduction
II. U.S. and U.K. Actor Perceptions of R2P
The Need for R2P: Rwanda, Srebrenica, and Kosovo
The Road to R2P: Advocacy and Engagement
R2P as a Humanitarian Concept: Unfamiliarity and Unawareness
R2P Implementation: Actor Ideas About Best Practices
III. Situating R2P Strategies in Context
The U.S., the U.K., and Libya: Missing Links
The 'Benghazi Moment': Accelerating the Response
U.N. Security Council Membership: Gatekeepers for R2P
IV. National Interests, Responsibilities, and Limitations
No Common Cause: Widening the National Interest
The Resources Problem: Priorities and Deficiencies
The Pressure Builds: Decision Points and R2P
V. Conclusion

4 Libya - R2P in Practice (Intervention): Applications, Problems, and Adjustments

I. Introduction
II. The Early Stage: An Intervention Dilemma
From Operation Odyssey Dawn (OOD) to Operation Unified Protector (OUP): No Simple Way
Undertaking Third Pillar Intervention: The Problem of Who
NATO Clears the Threshold: Transitioning, Shadowing, and Advancing
III. The Mid/Late Stages: Hard Realities of Intervention
NATO's First Battle: Making the System Work
Shaping R2P: Language, Meanings, and Standards
OUP Intensifies: NATO's Challenges and Problems
OUP in Paralysis: The Intentions and 'The Activities'
OUP Concludes: Shutting It Down
IV. Conclusion

5 Libya - R2P in Reflection (Post-Intervention): Learning, Evaluation, and Deliberation

I. Introduction
II. OUP's Successes and Accomplishments
III. OUP's Failings and Lessons
IV. The Post-OUP Clash of Visions

6 Syria - R2P Misplaced: Wariness, Polarization, and Prohibitiveness

I. Introduction
II. Effecting Non-Intervention: Misconceptions, Overlearning, and the Escalation Dynamic
III. Horrific Yet Insufficient: The Shabbiha, Homs, and Ghouta
IV. U.N. Security Council Dynamics: Clashes of Interests
V. Contemplating Militarized Intervention: What It Would Take
VI. Conclusion

6 Conclusion and the Way Forward

References

Appendix I: Text of the 'Responsibility to Protect' (R2P) Norm

Appendix II: Personal Interviews with the Author

Appendix III: List of Abbreviations

Index

Este título pertence ao(s) assunto(s) indicados(s). Para ver outros títulos clique no assunto desejado.

• Relações internacionais
• Estudos regionais

social constructivism;humanitarian intervention;atrocity prevention;qualitative case studies;NATO military operations;UN Security Council dynamics;national identity in foreign policy decisions