Securing 5G and Evolving Architectures

Foreword xv

Preface xvi

Acknowledgments xxi

About the Author xxii

Part I Evolution of Cellular Technologies to 5G, Security Enhancements, and Challenges

Chapter 1: Evolution from 4G to 5G 2

Mobile Network Evolution from 4G to 5G.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Key 5G Features in 3GPP Releases.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Key 5G Advanced Features.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Chapter 2: Deployment Modes in 5G 26

5G NSA and SA Deployments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

5G Time-Sensitive Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

5G Local Area Network-Type Service.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Private 5G/Non-Public Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Chapter 3: Securing 5G Infrastructure 56

3GPP 5G Security Enhancements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Security Challenges in 5G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Acronyms Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Part II Securing 5G Architectures, Deployment Modes, and Use Cases

Chapter 4: Securing RAN and Transport Deployments in 5G 82

5G RAN and Transport Threats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Securing 5G RAN and Transport.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Real Scenario Case Study: Examples of Threat Surfaces and Their Mitigation. . 125

Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Chapter 5: Securing MEC Deployments in 5G 142

Service Provider Network-Based MEC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Enterprise Network-Based MEC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

MEC Deployment Models.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Threat Surfaces in 5G MEC Deployments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Securing 5G MEC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Real Scenario Case Study: MEC Threats and Their Mitigation.. . . . . . . . . 217

Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Chapter 6: Securing Virtualized 5G Core Deployments 234

A Brief Evolution of Virtualization in Telecommunications.. . . . . . . . . . . 235

Threats in Virtualized 5G Packet Core Deployments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Securing Virtualized 5G Packet Core Deployments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Real Scenario Case Study: Virtualized 5GC Threats and Mitigation.. . . . . . . 281

Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Chapter 7: Securing Network Slice, SDN, and Orchestration in 5G 298

Network Slicing and Its Enablers-SDN and Orchestration. . . . . . . . . . 299

Threat Surfaces in 5G Network Slice, SDN, and Orchestration Deployments.. . . 309

Mitigation of Threats.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Real Scenario Case Study: Threats in the 5G Network Slice, SDN, and Orchestration Deployments and Their Mitigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Key Acronyms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Chapter 8: Securing Massive IoT Deployments in 5G 376

Massive IoT-Based Threats in 5G.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Securing mIoT Deployments in 5G Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

Real Scenario Case Study: mIoT Threats and Their Mitigation.. . . . . . . . . 414

Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Key Acronyms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

Chapter 9: Securing 5G Use Cases 424

Secure 5G Smart Factory and Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Critical Infrastructure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

5G Vehicle-to-Everything (5G-V2X).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

Standards and Associations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

Key Acronyms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Part III End-to-End 5G Security Architecture and Prioritizing Security Investments

Chapter 10: Building Pragmatic End-to-End 5G Security Architecture 468

Foundations of 5G Security.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

Key Tenets of 5G Security Architecture.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

Acronyms Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

Chapter 11: Prioritizing 5G Security Investments 502

Method of Prioritizing Security Controls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

Acronyms Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534

Part IV Emerging Discussions

Chapter 12: 5G and Beyond 536

Adoption and Adaptability of 5G and Evolving Technologies.. . . . . . . . . 537

Convergence of Wi-Fi and Evolving Cellular Technologies.. . . . . . . . . . 539

Use of AI and ML in Securing 5G and Evolving Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . 543

Crypto Agility in 5G and Evolving Technologies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548

Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548

References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

9780137457939, TOC, 10/27/2021

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