Transport & Fate of Chemicals in Soils

Sorption Isotherms Freundlich Isotherm Langmuir Isotherm Two-Site Langmuir General Types of Isotherms Empirical versus Mechanistic Models Nonlinearity and Heterogeneity Effect of Soil Properties Predictions References Sorption Kinetics Modeling of Kinetic Sorption First-Order and Freundlich Kinetics Second-Order and Langmuir Kinetics Desorption and Hysteresis Imperial Hysteresis Coefficient Measuring Sorption One-Step Batch Kinetic Batch Reactor Adsorption-Desorption Kinetic Batch Method Thin Disk Method Stirred-Flow Method Miscible Displacement References Transport Continuity Equation Transport Mechanisms Mass Flow Molecular Diffusion Dispersion Equilibrium Linear and Nonlinear Sorption Initial and Boundary Conditions Exact Solutions Brenner Solution Lindstrom Solution Cleary and Adrian Solution Other Exact Solutions Estimation of D Numerical Solution of the Nonlinear CDE Transport versus Batch Simulations References Effect of Scale Definition of Scale Effects Mean Travel Distance and Distance from Source Case Studies Generalized Equations and Simulations Effects of Nonlinearity of the Dispersivity Model Transfer Function Models Fractional CDE in Porous Media Comparison between CDE and FCDE Fractals Simulations Application to Field-Scale Experiments Appendix A: Derivation of Finite-Difference Equations for CDE with a Linearly Time-Dependent Dispersivity Appendix B: Derivations of Finite-Difference Equations for CDE with a Linearly Distance-Dependent Dispersivity Appendix C: Derivations of Finite Difference Equations for CDE with a Nonlinearly Time-Dependent Dispersivity Appendix D: Derivations of Finite-Difference Equations for CDE with a Nonlinearly Distance-Dependent Dispersivity References Multiple-Reaction Approaches Two-Site Models Multireaction Models Applications References Second-Order Transport Modeling Second-Order Kinetics Transport Model Sensitivity Analysis Experimental Data on Retention Experimental Data on Transport Modified Second-Order Approach Experimental Data on Retention Experimental Data on Transport References Competitive Sorption and Transport Transport Equation Equilibrium Ion Exchange Kinetic Ion Exchange Examples Competitive Freundlich Model Competitive Multireaction Model (CMRM) Competitive Langmuir Model Experimental Evidence Nickel and Cadmium Zinc-Phosphate Arsenate-Phosphate Vanidate-Phosphate Copper-Magnesium Cadmium-Phosphate Silver-Zinc References Mobile, Immobile, and Multiflow Domain Approaches Matrix Diffusion Preferential Flow Mobile-Immobile or Two-Region General Formulation Estimation of Estimation of m and im Experimental Evidence A Second-Order Approach Initial and Boundary Conditions Sensitivity Analysis Examples A Modified Two-Region Approach Multiflow Domain Approaches Experimental Evidence References Transport in Nonuniform Media Layered Media Convection-Dispersion Equation Boundary Condition at the Interface Equilibrium Retention Models Linear Adsorption Nonlinear Freundlich Adsorption Langmuir Model Kinetic Retention Water-Unsaturated Soils Mixed Media Multireaction and Transport Model MRTM Simulations Second-Order Model (SOTS) Experimental Evidence References Index

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• Ciência agrícola
• Medicina ambiental
• Ciências do solo, sedimentologia