Sustainability of Natural Resources
portes grátis
Sustainability of Natural Resources
Planning, Development, and Management
Pande, Chaitanya B.; Varade, Abhay M.; Kumar, Rohitashw; Moharir, Kanak N.; Singh, Vijay P.
Taylor & Francis Ltd
06/2024
382
Dura
Inglês
9781032295312
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Chapter 1 Characterization and Mapping of Soils for Sustainable Management Using Geospatial Techniques. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Materials and Methods. 1.3 Results and Discussion. Chapter 2 Sustainable Biodiversity Conservation in Tribal Area. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Tribes role in Indigenous Botanical knowledge (IBK). 2.3 Tribes Ethno botany and Traditional practices. 2.4 Tribes relationship with Flora protection. 2.5 Ethnic and aboriginal peoples' role in conservation. 2.6 Tribal Relationship with Fauna. 2.7 Tribes role in conservation of Insects. 2.8 Tribes of Southern Indian. 2.9 North Eastern Tribes. 2.10 Tribes association in Protecting Nature. 2.11 Conclusion. 2.12 References. Chapter 3 Soil Bioengineering Practices for Sustainable Ecosystem Restoration in Landslide Affected Areas. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Ecosystem deterioration and need to replenish. 3.3 Landslides and Ecology Deterioration. 3.4 Landslide Restoration. 3.5 Landslide Restoration: Losses Incurred Directly vs. Indirectly. 3.6 Landslides associated problems and their mitigation & management measures. 3.7 Bioengineering strategy in Landslide risk mitigation. 3.8 Application. 3.9 Participation of the Social environment in the application and succession of Soil Bioengineering. 3.10 Slope stability and ecosystem restoration. 3.11 Native Species in Ecosystem Regeneration. 3.12 Barrier to ecological restoration of landslides. 3.13 Indigenous people and their support. 3.14 Indigenous knowledge in ecosystem restoration. 3.15 Selection of Potential Indigenous plants based on their Soil reinforcement and anchoring capabilities. 3.16 Recommendations. 3.17 Conclusion. 3.18 References. Chapter 4 Sustainable Ecosystem Development and Landscaping for Urban and Peri-Urban Areas. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Landscapes. 4.3 Challenges. 4.4 Conclusion. 4.5 References. Chapter 5 Climate Change Impact of Fluoride Contamination on Human Health in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Study area. 5.3 climate change and fluoride contamination in groundwater. 5.4 Groundwater resources and climate change in Sri Lanka. 5.5 Fluoride contamination & health issues in Dry Zone Sri Lanka. 5.6 Conclusion. 5.7 References. Chapter 6 Application of Geospatial Technology in Catchment Modeling Using SCS-CN Method for Estimating the Direct Runoff on Barakar River Basin, Jharkhand. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Study area. 6.3 Materials and methods. 6.4 SCS-CN method. 6.5 Methodology. 6.6 Results and discussions. 6.7 Antecedent moisture conditions, CN I and CN III values. 6.8 Potential maximum retention (S) and runoff depth (Q). 6.9 Conclusion. 6.10 References. Chapter 7 Hydro-Geospatial Investigation to Propose Water Conservation Sites for Water Management in Limestone Terrain. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Study Area. 7.3 Materials and Methods. 7.4 Results and Discussion. 7.5 Lithology. 7.6 Lineament Density. 7.7 Geomorphology. 7.8 Drainage Density. 7.9 Rainfall. 7.10 Land use / Land cover (LULC). 7.11 Slope. 7.12 Soil. 7.13 TerrainWetnessIndex (TWI). 7.14 Validation. 7.15 Conclusion. 7.16 Proposed Artificial Recharge Structure. 7.17 Acknowledgements. 7.18 References. Chapter 8 Rainfall Spatiotemporal Variability and Trends in Semi-Arid Ecological Zone of Nigeria. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Study Area. 8.3 Materials and Methods. 8.4 Results and Discussion. 8.5 Rainfall characteristics. 8.6 Annual, interannual and monthly trends. 8.7 Trends detection based on the WMO standardized period. 8.8 Implications for agriculture and water ecosystem services. 8.9 Conclusion. 8.10 References. Chapter 9 Climate Change Awareness, Perception and Adaptation Strategies for small and marginal Farmers in Yobe State, Nigeria. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Materials and Methods. 9.3 Study area. 9.4 Data Compilation Techniques. 9.5 Sampling Procedures. 9.6 Analysis of Data. 9.7 Results and Discussion. 9.8 Climate Change and Farmers' Perceptions. 9.9 Factors that Influence Farmers' Perceptions of Climate Change. 9.10 Constraints Facing Farmers as a Result of Climate Change. 9.11 Conclusion and Recommendation.
9.12 References. Chapter 10 Delineation of Groundwater Prospect Zones Based on Earth Observation Data and AHP Modelling: A Study from Basaltic Rock Formation. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2. Study area description. 10.3. Materials and Methods. 10.4 Results and discussion. 10.5 Groundwater prospective zone mapping. 10.6. Validation. 10.7. Conclusion. 10.8 References. Chapter 11 Hydro-geochemical Evaluation of Phreatic Groundwater for Assessing Drinking and Irrigation Appropriateness- A Case Study of Chandrapur Watershed. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Fluorite (Caf2) Mineralization in Geological Environment. 11.3 Study Area Details. 11.4 Materials and Methods. 11.5 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater. 11.6 Discussion on Groundwater Appropriateness. 11.7 F- Contents from Study Area. 11.8 Conclusions. 11.9 References. Chapter 12 Variability of Gound water Quality in Quaternary Aquifers of Cauvery and Vennar sub-basins within Cauvery Delta, Southern India. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Materials and Methods. 12.3 Results and discussion. 12.4 Drinking water quality. 12.5 Water quality index. 12.6 Irrigation suitability. 12.7 Hydro-geochemical processes. 12.8 Gibbs plot. 12.9 Chadha diagram. 12.10 Conclusions. 12.11 References. Chapter 13 Groundwater Potential Zones Mapping based on the ANN, ML models, Using AHP and MIF techniques. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2. Methods for identification of groundwater potential zones 13.3 Multi Influence Factor (MIF). 13.4 Machine Learning Models (ML). 13.5 Hybrid Intelligence Approach. 13.6 Conclusion and Recommendations. 13.7 References. Chapter 14 Irrigation water requirement and estimation of ETo based on the Remote Sensing, GIS and other technologies. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Potential and references evapotranspiration. 14.3 Potential evapotranspiration. 14.4 Reference crop evapotranspiration. 14.5 Effective Precipitation (EP) Definition. 14.6 Measurements of effective rainfall. 14.7 Net Irrigation Water Requirement (NIWR). 14.8 Datasets sources of to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ETo). 14.9 Calculation of reference evaporation. 14.10 Approaches used for estimating the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop water requirements (CWR). 14.11. Traditional methods for estimating (ETo). 14.12 Temperature-Based Methods. 14.13. Lysimeter experiments. 14.14 Eddy covariance. 14.15. Remote sensing energy balance. 14.16. Crop Evapotranspiration (ETc) and Crop Water Requirements (CWR). 14.17. Artificial intelligence methods for estimating ET0. 14.18 Conclusions. 14.19 References. Chapter 15 Smart irrigation water using sensors and internet of things (IOT). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Benefits of smart irrigation system and datasets. 15.3 Smart irrigation system Components. 15.4 ARDUINO Uno. 15.5 DHTll Temperature and Humidity Sensor. 15.6 Connecter wire. 15.7 Different Sensors Used in Smart Irrigation System. 15.8 Algorithms Used for Smart Irrigation. 15.9 Applications of Smart Irrigation in Agricultural Water Saving. 15.10 Conclusions and recommendations. 15.11 References. Chapter 16 Analysis of Climate Variability and Change Impact on Rainfall Trend Pattern in Nigeria: A Case Study of Calabar River Basin, South-eastern Nigeria. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Aim and Objectives. 16.3 Study Area. 16.4 Literature Review. 16.5 Methodology. 16.6 Results. 16.7 Discussions and recommendations. 16.8 Conclusion. 16.9 References. Chapter 17 Assessment of Hydrochemistry and Water Quality Index for Groundwater Quality - A Case Study of Maharashtra. 17.1 Introduction.
17.2 Study Area Setup. 17.3 Methodology. 17.4 Results and Discussion. 17.5 Physicochemical parameters of groundwater. 17.6 Water types. 17.7 Correlation Analysis. 17.8 Correlation investigation of groundwater. 17.9 Water Quality Index. 17.10 Conclusions. 17.11 References. Chapter 18 Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water and Sediments of Major Industrial Streams. 18.1. Introduction. 18.2. Materials and methods. 18.3. Results and Discussion. 18.4. Conclusion. 18.5 References. Chapter 19 Water Waste Treatment and Reuse for Sustainability. 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Types of Water Waste. 19.3 Goals of Wastewater Management. 19.4 Management of Water Quality. 19.5 Grouping of Pollutants in Wastewater. 19.6 Categorization of Methods Used in Treating Wastewater. 19.7 Characterization of Wastewater. 19.8 Wastewater objectives. 19.9 Water waste treatment process. 19.10 Water Reuse. 19.11 Wastewater reuse. 19.12 Factors Affecting Reusability of Wastewater. 19.13 Additional Water Quality Parameters to Consider for Wastewater Reuse. 19.14 Applications of Water Reuse. 19.15 Regulations for Water Reuse. 19.16 Challenges on Wastewater Treatment and Reuse. 19.17 Conclusion. 19.18 References. Chapter 20 Watershed Development- A Holistic Approach for Sustainable Agriculture. 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Characteristics of Watersheds 20.3 Classification of Watershed. 20.4 Watershed Characteristics: Physical and Geomorphologic Characteristics associated with Watersheds. 20.5 Watershed Management and its Objectives. 20.6 Effect of Physical Properties on Watershed Management. 20.7 Effect of Geomorphologic Factors and Associated Processes on Watershed Management. 20.8 Scope of Watershed Management. 20.9 Watershed Management: Indian Perspective. 20.10 Problems and Constraints in Watershed Management. 20.11 New Prospects and Opportunities Associated with Watershed Management. 20.12 Land capability and its Classification. 20.13 Impact on Watershed due to Land Use. 20.14 Planning the Land Use. 20.15 Applications of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) in Watershed Planning. 20.16 Watershed Policy Analysis and Decision Support. 20.17 Conclusion. 20.18 References
9.12 References. Chapter 10 Delineation of Groundwater Prospect Zones Based on Earth Observation Data and AHP Modelling: A Study from Basaltic Rock Formation. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2. Study area description. 10.3. Materials and Methods. 10.4 Results and discussion. 10.5 Groundwater prospective zone mapping. 10.6. Validation. 10.7. Conclusion. 10.8 References. Chapter 11 Hydro-geochemical Evaluation of Phreatic Groundwater for Assessing Drinking and Irrigation Appropriateness- A Case Study of Chandrapur Watershed. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Fluorite (Caf2) Mineralization in Geological Environment. 11.3 Study Area Details. 11.4 Materials and Methods. 11.5 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater. 11.6 Discussion on Groundwater Appropriateness. 11.7 F- Contents from Study Area. 11.8 Conclusions. 11.9 References. Chapter 12 Variability of Gound water Quality in Quaternary Aquifers of Cauvery and Vennar sub-basins within Cauvery Delta, Southern India. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Materials and Methods. 12.3 Results and discussion. 12.4 Drinking water quality. 12.5 Water quality index. 12.6 Irrigation suitability. 12.7 Hydro-geochemical processes. 12.8 Gibbs plot. 12.9 Chadha diagram. 12.10 Conclusions. 12.11 References. Chapter 13 Groundwater Potential Zones Mapping based on the ANN, ML models, Using AHP and MIF techniques. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2. Methods for identification of groundwater potential zones 13.3 Multi Influence Factor (MIF). 13.4 Machine Learning Models (ML). 13.5 Hybrid Intelligence Approach. 13.6 Conclusion and Recommendations. 13.7 References. Chapter 14 Irrigation water requirement and estimation of ETo based on the Remote Sensing, GIS and other technologies. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Potential and references evapotranspiration. 14.3 Potential evapotranspiration. 14.4 Reference crop evapotranspiration. 14.5 Effective Precipitation (EP) Definition. 14.6 Measurements of effective rainfall. 14.7 Net Irrigation Water Requirement (NIWR). 14.8 Datasets sources of to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ETo). 14.9 Calculation of reference evaporation. 14.10 Approaches used for estimating the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop water requirements (CWR). 14.11. Traditional methods for estimating (ETo). 14.12 Temperature-Based Methods. 14.13. Lysimeter experiments. 14.14 Eddy covariance. 14.15. Remote sensing energy balance. 14.16. Crop Evapotranspiration (ETc) and Crop Water Requirements (CWR). 14.17. Artificial intelligence methods for estimating ET0. 14.18 Conclusions. 14.19 References. Chapter 15 Smart irrigation water using sensors and internet of things (IOT). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Benefits of smart irrigation system and datasets. 15.3 Smart irrigation system Components. 15.4 ARDUINO Uno. 15.5 DHTll Temperature and Humidity Sensor. 15.6 Connecter wire. 15.7 Different Sensors Used in Smart Irrigation System. 15.8 Algorithms Used for Smart Irrigation. 15.9 Applications of Smart Irrigation in Agricultural Water Saving. 15.10 Conclusions and recommendations. 15.11 References. Chapter 16 Analysis of Climate Variability and Change Impact on Rainfall Trend Pattern in Nigeria: A Case Study of Calabar River Basin, South-eastern Nigeria. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Aim and Objectives. 16.3 Study Area. 16.4 Literature Review. 16.5 Methodology. 16.6 Results. 16.7 Discussions and recommendations. 16.8 Conclusion. 16.9 References. Chapter 17 Assessment of Hydrochemistry and Water Quality Index for Groundwater Quality - A Case Study of Maharashtra. 17.1 Introduction.
17.2 Study Area Setup. 17.3 Methodology. 17.4 Results and Discussion. 17.5 Physicochemical parameters of groundwater. 17.6 Water types. 17.7 Correlation Analysis. 17.8 Correlation investigation of groundwater. 17.9 Water Quality Index. 17.10 Conclusions. 17.11 References. Chapter 18 Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water and Sediments of Major Industrial Streams. 18.1. Introduction. 18.2. Materials and methods. 18.3. Results and Discussion. 18.4. Conclusion. 18.5 References. Chapter 19 Water Waste Treatment and Reuse for Sustainability. 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Types of Water Waste. 19.3 Goals of Wastewater Management. 19.4 Management of Water Quality. 19.5 Grouping of Pollutants in Wastewater. 19.6 Categorization of Methods Used in Treating Wastewater. 19.7 Characterization of Wastewater. 19.8 Wastewater objectives. 19.9 Water waste treatment process. 19.10 Water Reuse. 19.11 Wastewater reuse. 19.12 Factors Affecting Reusability of Wastewater. 19.13 Additional Water Quality Parameters to Consider for Wastewater Reuse. 19.14 Applications of Water Reuse. 19.15 Regulations for Water Reuse. 19.16 Challenges on Wastewater Treatment and Reuse. 19.17 Conclusion. 19.18 References. Chapter 20 Watershed Development- A Holistic Approach for Sustainable Agriculture. 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Characteristics of Watersheds 20.3 Classification of Watershed. 20.4 Watershed Characteristics: Physical and Geomorphologic Characteristics associated with Watersheds. 20.5 Watershed Management and its Objectives. 20.6 Effect of Physical Properties on Watershed Management. 20.7 Effect of Geomorphologic Factors and Associated Processes on Watershed Management. 20.8 Scope of Watershed Management. 20.9 Watershed Management: Indian Perspective. 20.10 Problems and Constraints in Watershed Management. 20.11 New Prospects and Opportunities Associated with Watershed Management. 20.12 Land capability and its Classification. 20.13 Impact on Watershed due to Land Use. 20.14 Planning the Land Use. 20.15 Applications of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) in Watershed Planning. 20.16 Watershed Policy Analysis and Decision Support. 20.17 Conclusion. 20.18 References
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Remote Sensing;GIS;AHP;Groundwater flow;Groundwater modelling;Groundwater quality;Evapotranspiration;Crop Coefficient;Climate Change;Water Resources;Surface water;Water dynamics
Chapter 1 Characterization and Mapping of Soils for Sustainable Management Using Geospatial Techniques. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Materials and Methods. 1.3 Results and Discussion. Chapter 2 Sustainable Biodiversity Conservation in Tribal Area. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Tribes role in Indigenous Botanical knowledge (IBK). 2.3 Tribes Ethno botany and Traditional practices. 2.4 Tribes relationship with Flora protection. 2.5 Ethnic and aboriginal peoples' role in conservation. 2.6 Tribal Relationship with Fauna. 2.7 Tribes role in conservation of Insects. 2.8 Tribes of Southern Indian. 2.9 North Eastern Tribes. 2.10 Tribes association in Protecting Nature. 2.11 Conclusion. 2.12 References. Chapter 3 Soil Bioengineering Practices for Sustainable Ecosystem Restoration in Landslide Affected Areas. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Ecosystem deterioration and need to replenish. 3.3 Landslides and Ecology Deterioration. 3.4 Landslide Restoration. 3.5 Landslide Restoration: Losses Incurred Directly vs. Indirectly. 3.6 Landslides associated problems and their mitigation & management measures. 3.7 Bioengineering strategy in Landslide risk mitigation. 3.8 Application. 3.9 Participation of the Social environment in the application and succession of Soil Bioengineering. 3.10 Slope stability and ecosystem restoration. 3.11 Native Species in Ecosystem Regeneration. 3.12 Barrier to ecological restoration of landslides. 3.13 Indigenous people and their support. 3.14 Indigenous knowledge in ecosystem restoration. 3.15 Selection of Potential Indigenous plants based on their Soil reinforcement and anchoring capabilities. 3.16 Recommendations. 3.17 Conclusion. 3.18 References. Chapter 4 Sustainable Ecosystem Development and Landscaping for Urban and Peri-Urban Areas. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Landscapes. 4.3 Challenges. 4.4 Conclusion. 4.5 References. Chapter 5 Climate Change Impact of Fluoride Contamination on Human Health in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Study area. 5.3 climate change and fluoride contamination in groundwater. 5.4 Groundwater resources and climate change in Sri Lanka. 5.5 Fluoride contamination & health issues in Dry Zone Sri Lanka. 5.6 Conclusion. 5.7 References. Chapter 6 Application of Geospatial Technology in Catchment Modeling Using SCS-CN Method for Estimating the Direct Runoff on Barakar River Basin, Jharkhand. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Study area. 6.3 Materials and methods. 6.4 SCS-CN method. 6.5 Methodology. 6.6 Results and discussions. 6.7 Antecedent moisture conditions, CN I and CN III values. 6.8 Potential maximum retention (S) and runoff depth (Q). 6.9 Conclusion. 6.10 References. Chapter 7 Hydro-Geospatial Investigation to Propose Water Conservation Sites for Water Management in Limestone Terrain. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Study Area. 7.3 Materials and Methods. 7.4 Results and Discussion. 7.5 Lithology. 7.6 Lineament Density. 7.7 Geomorphology. 7.8 Drainage Density. 7.9 Rainfall. 7.10 Land use / Land cover (LULC). 7.11 Slope. 7.12 Soil. 7.13 TerrainWetnessIndex (TWI). 7.14 Validation. 7.15 Conclusion. 7.16 Proposed Artificial Recharge Structure. 7.17 Acknowledgements. 7.18 References. Chapter 8 Rainfall Spatiotemporal Variability and Trends in Semi-Arid Ecological Zone of Nigeria. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Study Area. 8.3 Materials and Methods. 8.4 Results and Discussion. 8.5 Rainfall characteristics. 8.6 Annual, interannual and monthly trends. 8.7 Trends detection based on the WMO standardized period. 8.8 Implications for agriculture and water ecosystem services. 8.9 Conclusion. 8.10 References. Chapter 9 Climate Change Awareness, Perception and Adaptation Strategies for small and marginal Farmers in Yobe State, Nigeria. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Materials and Methods. 9.3 Study area. 9.4 Data Compilation Techniques. 9.5 Sampling Procedures. 9.6 Analysis of Data. 9.7 Results and Discussion. 9.8 Climate Change and Farmers' Perceptions. 9.9 Factors that Influence Farmers' Perceptions of Climate Change. 9.10 Constraints Facing Farmers as a Result of Climate Change. 9.11 Conclusion and Recommendation.
9.12 References. Chapter 10 Delineation of Groundwater Prospect Zones Based on Earth Observation Data and AHP Modelling: A Study from Basaltic Rock Formation. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2. Study area description. 10.3. Materials and Methods. 10.4 Results and discussion. 10.5 Groundwater prospective zone mapping. 10.6. Validation. 10.7. Conclusion. 10.8 References. Chapter 11 Hydro-geochemical Evaluation of Phreatic Groundwater for Assessing Drinking and Irrigation Appropriateness- A Case Study of Chandrapur Watershed. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Fluorite (Caf2) Mineralization in Geological Environment. 11.3 Study Area Details. 11.4 Materials and Methods. 11.5 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater. 11.6 Discussion on Groundwater Appropriateness. 11.7 F- Contents from Study Area. 11.8 Conclusions. 11.9 References. Chapter 12 Variability of Gound water Quality in Quaternary Aquifers of Cauvery and Vennar sub-basins within Cauvery Delta, Southern India. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Materials and Methods. 12.3 Results and discussion. 12.4 Drinking water quality. 12.5 Water quality index. 12.6 Irrigation suitability. 12.7 Hydro-geochemical processes. 12.8 Gibbs plot. 12.9 Chadha diagram. 12.10 Conclusions. 12.11 References. Chapter 13 Groundwater Potential Zones Mapping based on the ANN, ML models, Using AHP and MIF techniques. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2. Methods for identification of groundwater potential zones 13.3 Multi Influence Factor (MIF). 13.4 Machine Learning Models (ML). 13.5 Hybrid Intelligence Approach. 13.6 Conclusion and Recommendations. 13.7 References. Chapter 14 Irrigation water requirement and estimation of ETo based on the Remote Sensing, GIS and other technologies. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Potential and references evapotranspiration. 14.3 Potential evapotranspiration. 14.4 Reference crop evapotranspiration. 14.5 Effective Precipitation (EP) Definition. 14.6 Measurements of effective rainfall. 14.7 Net Irrigation Water Requirement (NIWR). 14.8 Datasets sources of to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ETo). 14.9 Calculation of reference evaporation. 14.10 Approaches used for estimating the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop water requirements (CWR). 14.11. Traditional methods for estimating (ETo). 14.12 Temperature-Based Methods. 14.13. Lysimeter experiments. 14.14 Eddy covariance. 14.15. Remote sensing energy balance. 14.16. Crop Evapotranspiration (ETc) and Crop Water Requirements (CWR). 14.17. Artificial intelligence methods for estimating ET0. 14.18 Conclusions. 14.19 References. Chapter 15 Smart irrigation water using sensors and internet of things (IOT). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Benefits of smart irrigation system and datasets. 15.3 Smart irrigation system Components. 15.4 ARDUINO Uno. 15.5 DHTll Temperature and Humidity Sensor. 15.6 Connecter wire. 15.7 Different Sensors Used in Smart Irrigation System. 15.8 Algorithms Used for Smart Irrigation. 15.9 Applications of Smart Irrigation in Agricultural Water Saving. 15.10 Conclusions and recommendations. 15.11 References. Chapter 16 Analysis of Climate Variability and Change Impact on Rainfall Trend Pattern in Nigeria: A Case Study of Calabar River Basin, South-eastern Nigeria. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Aim and Objectives. 16.3 Study Area. 16.4 Literature Review. 16.5 Methodology. 16.6 Results. 16.7 Discussions and recommendations. 16.8 Conclusion. 16.9 References. Chapter 17 Assessment of Hydrochemistry and Water Quality Index for Groundwater Quality - A Case Study of Maharashtra. 17.1 Introduction.
17.2 Study Area Setup. 17.3 Methodology. 17.4 Results and Discussion. 17.5 Physicochemical parameters of groundwater. 17.6 Water types. 17.7 Correlation Analysis. 17.8 Correlation investigation of groundwater. 17.9 Water Quality Index. 17.10 Conclusions. 17.11 References. Chapter 18 Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water and Sediments of Major Industrial Streams. 18.1. Introduction. 18.2. Materials and methods. 18.3. Results and Discussion. 18.4. Conclusion. 18.5 References. Chapter 19 Water Waste Treatment and Reuse for Sustainability. 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Types of Water Waste. 19.3 Goals of Wastewater Management. 19.4 Management of Water Quality. 19.5 Grouping of Pollutants in Wastewater. 19.6 Categorization of Methods Used in Treating Wastewater. 19.7 Characterization of Wastewater. 19.8 Wastewater objectives. 19.9 Water waste treatment process. 19.10 Water Reuse. 19.11 Wastewater reuse. 19.12 Factors Affecting Reusability of Wastewater. 19.13 Additional Water Quality Parameters to Consider for Wastewater Reuse. 19.14 Applications of Water Reuse. 19.15 Regulations for Water Reuse. 19.16 Challenges on Wastewater Treatment and Reuse. 19.17 Conclusion. 19.18 References. Chapter 20 Watershed Development- A Holistic Approach for Sustainable Agriculture. 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Characteristics of Watersheds 20.3 Classification of Watershed. 20.4 Watershed Characteristics: Physical and Geomorphologic Characteristics associated with Watersheds. 20.5 Watershed Management and its Objectives. 20.6 Effect of Physical Properties on Watershed Management. 20.7 Effect of Geomorphologic Factors and Associated Processes on Watershed Management. 20.8 Scope of Watershed Management. 20.9 Watershed Management: Indian Perspective. 20.10 Problems and Constraints in Watershed Management. 20.11 New Prospects and Opportunities Associated with Watershed Management. 20.12 Land capability and its Classification. 20.13 Impact on Watershed due to Land Use. 20.14 Planning the Land Use. 20.15 Applications of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) in Watershed Planning. 20.16 Watershed Policy Analysis and Decision Support. 20.17 Conclusion. 20.18 References
9.12 References. Chapter 10 Delineation of Groundwater Prospect Zones Based on Earth Observation Data and AHP Modelling: A Study from Basaltic Rock Formation. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2. Study area description. 10.3. Materials and Methods. 10.4 Results and discussion. 10.5 Groundwater prospective zone mapping. 10.6. Validation. 10.7. Conclusion. 10.8 References. Chapter 11 Hydro-geochemical Evaluation of Phreatic Groundwater for Assessing Drinking and Irrigation Appropriateness- A Case Study of Chandrapur Watershed. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Fluorite (Caf2) Mineralization in Geological Environment. 11.3 Study Area Details. 11.4 Materials and Methods. 11.5 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater. 11.6 Discussion on Groundwater Appropriateness. 11.7 F- Contents from Study Area. 11.8 Conclusions. 11.9 References. Chapter 12 Variability of Gound water Quality in Quaternary Aquifers of Cauvery and Vennar sub-basins within Cauvery Delta, Southern India. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Materials and Methods. 12.3 Results and discussion. 12.4 Drinking water quality. 12.5 Water quality index. 12.6 Irrigation suitability. 12.7 Hydro-geochemical processes. 12.8 Gibbs plot. 12.9 Chadha diagram. 12.10 Conclusions. 12.11 References. Chapter 13 Groundwater Potential Zones Mapping based on the ANN, ML models, Using AHP and MIF techniques. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2. Methods for identification of groundwater potential zones 13.3 Multi Influence Factor (MIF). 13.4 Machine Learning Models (ML). 13.5 Hybrid Intelligence Approach. 13.6 Conclusion and Recommendations. 13.7 References. Chapter 14 Irrigation water requirement and estimation of ETo based on the Remote Sensing, GIS and other technologies. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Potential and references evapotranspiration. 14.3 Potential evapotranspiration. 14.4 Reference crop evapotranspiration. 14.5 Effective Precipitation (EP) Definition. 14.6 Measurements of effective rainfall. 14.7 Net Irrigation Water Requirement (NIWR). 14.8 Datasets sources of to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ETo). 14.9 Calculation of reference evaporation. 14.10 Approaches used for estimating the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop water requirements (CWR). 14.11. Traditional methods for estimating (ETo). 14.12 Temperature-Based Methods. 14.13. Lysimeter experiments. 14.14 Eddy covariance. 14.15. Remote sensing energy balance. 14.16. Crop Evapotranspiration (ETc) and Crop Water Requirements (CWR). 14.17. Artificial intelligence methods for estimating ET0. 14.18 Conclusions. 14.19 References. Chapter 15 Smart irrigation water using sensors and internet of things (IOT). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Benefits of smart irrigation system and datasets. 15.3 Smart irrigation system Components. 15.4 ARDUINO Uno. 15.5 DHTll Temperature and Humidity Sensor. 15.6 Connecter wire. 15.7 Different Sensors Used in Smart Irrigation System. 15.8 Algorithms Used for Smart Irrigation. 15.9 Applications of Smart Irrigation in Agricultural Water Saving. 15.10 Conclusions and recommendations. 15.11 References. Chapter 16 Analysis of Climate Variability and Change Impact on Rainfall Trend Pattern in Nigeria: A Case Study of Calabar River Basin, South-eastern Nigeria. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Aim and Objectives. 16.3 Study Area. 16.4 Literature Review. 16.5 Methodology. 16.6 Results. 16.7 Discussions and recommendations. 16.8 Conclusion. 16.9 References. Chapter 17 Assessment of Hydrochemistry and Water Quality Index for Groundwater Quality - A Case Study of Maharashtra. 17.1 Introduction.
17.2 Study Area Setup. 17.3 Methodology. 17.4 Results and Discussion. 17.5 Physicochemical parameters of groundwater. 17.6 Water types. 17.7 Correlation Analysis. 17.8 Correlation investigation of groundwater. 17.9 Water Quality Index. 17.10 Conclusions. 17.11 References. Chapter 18 Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water and Sediments of Major Industrial Streams. 18.1. Introduction. 18.2. Materials and methods. 18.3. Results and Discussion. 18.4. Conclusion. 18.5 References. Chapter 19 Water Waste Treatment and Reuse for Sustainability. 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Types of Water Waste. 19.3 Goals of Wastewater Management. 19.4 Management of Water Quality. 19.5 Grouping of Pollutants in Wastewater. 19.6 Categorization of Methods Used in Treating Wastewater. 19.7 Characterization of Wastewater. 19.8 Wastewater objectives. 19.9 Water waste treatment process. 19.10 Water Reuse. 19.11 Wastewater reuse. 19.12 Factors Affecting Reusability of Wastewater. 19.13 Additional Water Quality Parameters to Consider for Wastewater Reuse. 19.14 Applications of Water Reuse. 19.15 Regulations for Water Reuse. 19.16 Challenges on Wastewater Treatment and Reuse. 19.17 Conclusion. 19.18 References. Chapter 20 Watershed Development- A Holistic Approach for Sustainable Agriculture. 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Characteristics of Watersheds 20.3 Classification of Watershed. 20.4 Watershed Characteristics: Physical and Geomorphologic Characteristics associated with Watersheds. 20.5 Watershed Management and its Objectives. 20.6 Effect of Physical Properties on Watershed Management. 20.7 Effect of Geomorphologic Factors and Associated Processes on Watershed Management. 20.8 Scope of Watershed Management. 20.9 Watershed Management: Indian Perspective. 20.10 Problems and Constraints in Watershed Management. 20.11 New Prospects and Opportunities Associated with Watershed Management. 20.12 Land capability and its Classification. 20.13 Impact on Watershed due to Land Use. 20.14 Planning the Land Use. 20.15 Applications of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) in Watershed Planning. 20.16 Watershed Policy Analysis and Decision Support. 20.17 Conclusion. 20.18 References
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