Sociability and Civic Spirit in Northern Europe

List of illustrations

(1) Introduction

Patriotism in the age of Enlightenment

Setting the scene: the Danish composite monarchy

Patriotism and enlightenment in the North

Historiographical overview: research in patriotism, the associational world and the public sphere

(2) Associations as fields of democratic practice

Associations in the long eighteenth century

Survey of the patriotic societies in the Danish composite monarchy

Economic societies

Societies for poor relief and philanthropy

Societies for education and enlightenment

The Royal Agricultural Society of Denmark

Early Norwegian societies

Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein: two waves of activity International influences

Cooperation with the absolute monarchy

The organisational structure of the patriotic societies

Conclusion: associations as new forms of communities

(3) Political ambitions

The form of state and the form of government

Patriotism as love for the paternal monarch

Contract theory

Freedom of speech and transparency in public affairs

Conclusion: the small society and the large society

(4) Patriotism as economic reform

Visions of economic growth

Economic protectionism

Manpower and raw materials

Arguments for economic freedom

Distribution of prizes

Spinning schools: a wonderful remedy for rapid enlightenment

Spinning schools in the Danish composite monarchy and in Northern Europe

Spinning as moral reform

Conclusion: economy of time as a strategy for economic growth

(5) Civilising the subjects of the state

General enlightenment

Enlightenment for citizens and for human beings

Libraries and reading groups

Schools

State reforms and private reforms

Conclusion: Enlightenment between emancipation and discipline

(6) The limits of patriotism: forging a bourgeois identity

Citizenship

Patriots and nobility: asceticism as a social distinction

Dannekvinde: patriotic notions of republican motherhood Danish, Norwegian and German identity

(7) Conclusion: the pragmatism of the Scandinavian Enlightenment

Patriotism and national identity

Bibliography

Index

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