Practical 3D Echocardiography

Part I. Basic, practical principles of 3D Echocardiography.- Imaging principles and acquisition modes.- Image optimization tools and image display.- 3DE Color Doppler acquisition and optimization and 3DE artifacts, caveats, and pitfalls.- 3DE Knobology: A practical guide to use of the available vendor platforms.- Part II. Native and Prosthetic Heart Valves.- 3DE of Normal mitral valve: Image display and anatomic correlations.- 3DE Spectrum of mitral valve prolapse.- Rheumatic mitral valve diseases and mitral annular calcification: Role of 3DE.- Role of 3DE in assessment of functional mitral regurgitation.- Incremental value of 3DE over 2DE in assessment of mitral clefts and other congenital mitral valve diseases.- 3D color flow Doppler assessment of mitral regurgitation: Advantages over 2D color Doppler.- 3DE anatomy of normal aortic valve and root. Image display and anatomic correlations.- 3DE of the spectrum of native aortic valve and subvalvular diseases and pathological correlations.- Correlation of 3DE with CT and MRI in the diagnosis and assessment of valvular heart disease and new trends.- 3DE appearance of the different types of normal mechanical and biological valves.- 3DE assessment of the pathological spectrum of mitral prosthesis and sewing ring dysfunction: Incremental value over 2DE.- 3DE assessment of pathological spectrum of aortic prosthesis dysfunction: Incremental value over 2DE.- Native and Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: Incremental value of 3DE over 2DE.- CT and MRI correlations with 3DE in assessment of prosthetic valves including new trends.- Part III. Atria and Atrial Septum.- Normal 3DE anatomy of atrial septum: Image display and anatomical specimen correlations.- Atrial septal defects: 2DE vs 3DE and anatomic specimen.- CT and MRI correlations of atria and atrial septum.- Part IV. Ventricles and Ventricular Septum.- How to acquire and calculate 3D LV and RV volumes and ejection fraction (three vendors).- Is 3D better than 2D during stress echo?.- Congenital and acquired ventricular septal defects.- CT and MRI of ventricles and ventricular septum.- Part V. Cardiac Masses.- Role of 3DE in assessment of cardiac masses: incremental value over 2DE.- Part VI. Role of 3DE in catheter-based structural heart disease interventions.- Atrial Interventions.- Ventricular interventions.- Edge-to-Edge mitral valve repair.- Periprosthetic leak repair.- Valve-in-valve/ring implantation.- Part VII. Role of 3DE in catheter -based electrophysiologic procedures.- The role of imaging techniques in electrophysiologic procedures.- The Role of CT and MRI in electrophysiologic procedures.- Part VIII. New Trends for 3DE in catheter-based Interventions.- Novel percutaneous techniques for mitral and tricuspid valve repair.- Echo-navigation.- Evolving role of 3D printing in guiding interventional procedures.

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• Medicina cardiovascular
• Radiologia

3D echocardiography;mitral valve;tricuspid regurgitation;mitral regurgitation;annuloplasty;endocarditis;TAVR;valvular heart disease;Patent foramen ovale;Coronary sinus defects;LAA occlusion;3D speckle tracking