Particle Confinement in Penning Traps

Brief History and Context.- Penning Trap Concept.- Penning Trap Implementation.- Hyperbolic and Cylindrical Penning Traps.- Variations on the Penning Trap Concept.- Motion of a Single Particle in an Ideal Penning Trap.- Motion of a Single Particle in a Real Penning Trap.- Inherent Effects of Single-Particle Confinement.- Particle Ensembles in Penning Traps.- Particle Ensemble Density: Rotating Wall.- Loading a Trap, Particle Transport and Loss Mechanisms.- Excitation of Particle Motions.- Resonant Motional Coupling.- Electronic Detection and Frequency Measurement.- Particle Temperature and Cooling.- Cooling Techniques.- Radio-Frequency Spectroscopy: Penning-Trap Mass Spectroscopy.- Optical Spectroscopy.- Microwave Spectroscopy.- Laser-Microwave Double-Resonance Spectroscopy.- Magnetic Bottles Implemented in Penning Traps.- Application of the Continuous Stern Gerlach Effect.- Appendices.

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• Física atómica e molecular
• Mensuração e sistemas de medição
• Normas científicas
• Análise de espectro, spectrochemistry, espectrometria de massa

Penning traps;Precision spectroscopy;Confined ions and plasmas;Highly charged ions;Trapped charged particles;Resistive Cooling;Laser Cooling;Unified notation Penning traps;Particle confinement;Ion trapping;Stored ions;Highly charged ions;Magnetic moments