Lignin Chemistry

Preface xv Acknowledgments and Conflict of Interest xvii

1 A Brief Introduction of Lignin 1
Yuhe Liao

2 NMR Characterization of Lignin 15
Cheng-Ye Ma, Ying Xu, Ling-Hua Xu, Chen Zhang, Ji-Yun Qi and Jia-Long Wen

3 Advances in the Molar Mass and Functionality Analysis of Lignin 61
Oliver Musl and Antje Potthast

4 Degradative Methods for Lignin Valorization 85
Elisabetta Borsella, Pietro Colucci, Giuseppe Lembo and Heiko Lange

5 Isolation of Native-Like Lignin 139
Zhiwen Wang, Yiwei Fan and Peter J. Deuss

6 Isolation of Lignin in the Biorefinery Process 163
Qian Xu and Ling-Ping Xiao

7 Gasification and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) from Lignin 183
Subhashini, Michal Jeremias and Vineet Singh Sikarwar

8 Enzymatic and Microbial Bioconversion of Lignin to Renewable Chemicals 203
Timothy D.H. Bugg, Victoria Sodre, Awatif Alruwaili and Goran M.M. Rashid

9 Approaches to the Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignin 231
Elena Subbotina, Shannon S. Stahl, Paul Anastas and Joseph S.M. Samec

10 Photocatalytic Conversion of Lignin 265
Xuejiao Wu, Shunji Xie and Ye Wang

11 Electrochemical Conversion for Lignin Valorization 295
Qi Zhu, Mahlet Garedew, Bing Song, Yuliang Li and Jason Chun-Ho Lam

12 Recent Advances in Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymeric Materials Produced using Technical and Depolymerized Native Lignins 327
Kirk M. Torr, Oliver J. Driscoll, Daniel J. van de Pas and Elias Feghali

13 Advances in Preparation and Applications of Lignin Nanoparticles 369
Mika H. Sipponen and Liyang Liu

14 Carbon (Nano)Fibers and Carbon Materials from Lignin and Their Applications 401
Muhammad Muddasar, Anne Beaucamp, Mark Vaughan, Misbah Mushtaq, Mario Culebras, Marina M. Leite, Tadhg Kennedy and Maurice N. Collins

15 Lignin-based Hydrogel: Mechanism, Properties, and Applications 433
Qiang Wang, Baobin Wang, Jiachuan Chen, Guihua Yang, Lei Zhang, Kefeng Liu, Qimeng Jiang and Pedram Fatehi

References 461

Index 469

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NMR characterization; lignocellulose; biorefinery; molar mass; functionality; degradation; isolation; native lignin; biomass; renewable feedstock; catalysis; enzymatic conversion; microbial conversion; oxidative depolymerization; photocatalytic conversion; electrochemical conversion; sustainable chemistry; bio-based materials; nanoparticles; carbon materials; hydrogels