Astronomy of the Inca Empire
portes grátis
Astronomy of the Inca Empire
Use and Significance of the Sun and the Night Sky
Gullberg, Steven R.
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
08/2021
370
Mole
Inglês
9783030483685
15 a 20 dias
593
Descrição não disponível.
1 Introduction ....................................................... 2 Evolution of an Empire .......................................... 2.1 Before the Incas ............................................. 2.2 The Early Incas .............................................. 2.3 Rulers of Imperial Expansion .............................. 2.4 Spanish Conquest ............................................ 2.5 Inca Resistance ............................................... 2.6 The Catholic Purge .......................................... 2.7 Summary.......................................................
3 Cultural Context .................................................. 3.1 Religion ...................................................... 3.2 Cosmology ................................................... 3.3 Sacred Landscape ........................................... 3.4 Camay ......................................................... 3.5 Intihuatanas ................................................... 3.6 Sacred Animals .............................................. 3.7 Ancestors ..................................................... 3.8 Social Issues ................................................. 3.9 Organization ................................................. 3.10 Succession ................................................... 3.11 Festivals ...................................................... 3.12 Climate ....................................................... 3.13 Agriculture ................................................... 3.14 Irrigation ..................................................... 3.15 Imperial Expansion ......................................... 3.16 Pilgrimage ................................................... 3.17 Building an Empire ......................................... 3.18 Architecture .................................................. 3.19 Inca Roads ................................................... 3.20 Carved Rocks ................................................ 3.21 Summary .....................................................
4 Ceques and Huacas ................................................ 4.1 History ......................................................... 4.2 Ceques ......................................................... 4.3 Huacas ......................................................... 4.4 Huaca Maintenance and Worship .......................... 4.5 Ceque and Huaca Astronomy .............................. 4.6 Ceque System Controversy ................................. 4.7 Summary ......................................................
5 Archaeoastronomy ................................................ 5.1 The Celestial Sphere ........................................ 5.2 Motions of the Heavens .................................... 5.3 Solstices and Equinoxes .................................... 5.4 Cardinal Directions .......................................... 5.5 Zenith and Anti-Zenith Sun ................................. 5.6 Horizon Astronomy .......................................... 5.7 Field Research ................................................ 5.8 Summary ......................................................
6 Inca Astronomy and Cosmology ............................... 6.1 A Complex Astronomy ....................................... 6.2 Sun Worship ................................................... 6.3 Cosmology and Origins ...................................... 6.4 Principal Festivals and Ceremonies ........................ 6.5 Inca Horizon Astronomy ..................................... 6.6 Architectural Alignments .................................... 6.7 Ushnus, Sucancas, Pillars, and Gnomons .................. 6.8 Inca Calendar .................................................. 6.9 The Moon ...................................................... 6.10 The Milky Way ................................................ 6.11 Stars ............................................................ 6.12 Ceque System and the Stars ................................. 6.13 Cosmology and Atmospheric Phenomena ................. 6.14 Summary ......................................................
7 Orientations at or near Cusco, Tipon, and Saihute .......... 7.1 Kenko Grande ................................................... 7.2 Kenko Chico .................................................... 7.3 Mesa Redonda .................................................. 7.4 Tetecaca ......................................................... 7.5 Patallacta ......................................................... 7.6 Kusilluchayoc ................................................... 7.7 Lacco ............................................................. 7.8 Huaca 44 ........................................................ 7.9 Lanlakuyok ..................................................... 7.10 Puca Pucara .................................................... 7.11 Tambomachay ................................................. 7.12 Sacsahuaman ................................................... 7.13 Mollaguanca ................................................... 7.14 Sapantiana ...................................................... 7.15 Rumiwasi Bajo ................................................. 7.16 Rumiwasi Alto ................................................. 7.17 Kusicallanca .................................................... 7.18 Tipon ............................................................ 7.19 Saihuite .......................................................... 7.20 Summary ........................................................
8 Orientations in the Sacred Valley ................................. 8.1 Chinchero ....................................................... 8.2 Pisac ............................................................... 8.3 Q'espiwanka ..................................................... 8.4 Cerro Pumahuachana .......................................... 8.5 Cerro Unoraqui ................................................. 8.6 Maras ............................................................ 8.7 Moray ............................................................ 8.8 Choquequilla ................................................... 8.9 Ollantaytambo .................................................. 8.10 Summary ........................................................
9 Orientations at and near Machu Picchu ........................ 9.1 History and Design ............................................ 9.2 Machu Picchu ................................................. 9.3 River Intihuatana ............................................... 9.4 Llactapata ...................................................... 9.5 Summary .......................................................
10 Discussion, Findings, and Conclusion .......................... 10.1 Discussion ...................................................... 10.2 Findings ......................................................... 10.3 Concluding Remarks ...........................................
Appendices ................................................................ A.1 Glossary ......................................................... A.2 Azimuths and Inclinations .................................... A.3 GPS Field Data ................................................. A.4 Magnetic Declination .......................................... A.5 Solar Horizon Positions ....................................... A.6 Sperical Trigonometry Formulae .............................
Bibliography ...............................................................
Index .........................................................................
3 Cultural Context .................................................. 3.1 Religion ...................................................... 3.2 Cosmology ................................................... 3.3 Sacred Landscape ........................................... 3.4 Camay ......................................................... 3.5 Intihuatanas ................................................... 3.6 Sacred Animals .............................................. 3.7 Ancestors ..................................................... 3.8 Social Issues ................................................. 3.9 Organization ................................................. 3.10 Succession ................................................... 3.11 Festivals ...................................................... 3.12 Climate ....................................................... 3.13 Agriculture ................................................... 3.14 Irrigation ..................................................... 3.15 Imperial Expansion ......................................... 3.16 Pilgrimage ................................................... 3.17 Building an Empire ......................................... 3.18 Architecture .................................................. 3.19 Inca Roads ................................................... 3.20 Carved Rocks ................................................ 3.21 Summary .....................................................
4 Ceques and Huacas ................................................ 4.1 History ......................................................... 4.2 Ceques ......................................................... 4.3 Huacas ......................................................... 4.4 Huaca Maintenance and Worship .......................... 4.5 Ceque and Huaca Astronomy .............................. 4.6 Ceque System Controversy ................................. 4.7 Summary ......................................................
5 Archaeoastronomy ................................................ 5.1 The Celestial Sphere ........................................ 5.2 Motions of the Heavens .................................... 5.3 Solstices and Equinoxes .................................... 5.4 Cardinal Directions .......................................... 5.5 Zenith and Anti-Zenith Sun ................................. 5.6 Horizon Astronomy .......................................... 5.7 Field Research ................................................ 5.8 Summary ......................................................
6 Inca Astronomy and Cosmology ............................... 6.1 A Complex Astronomy ....................................... 6.2 Sun Worship ................................................... 6.3 Cosmology and Origins ...................................... 6.4 Principal Festivals and Ceremonies ........................ 6.5 Inca Horizon Astronomy ..................................... 6.6 Architectural Alignments .................................... 6.7 Ushnus, Sucancas, Pillars, and Gnomons .................. 6.8 Inca Calendar .................................................. 6.9 The Moon ...................................................... 6.10 The Milky Way ................................................ 6.11 Stars ............................................................ 6.12 Ceque System and the Stars ................................. 6.13 Cosmology and Atmospheric Phenomena ................. 6.14 Summary ......................................................
7 Orientations at or near Cusco, Tipon, and Saihute .......... 7.1 Kenko Grande ................................................... 7.2 Kenko Chico .................................................... 7.3 Mesa Redonda .................................................. 7.4 Tetecaca ......................................................... 7.5 Patallacta ......................................................... 7.6 Kusilluchayoc ................................................... 7.7 Lacco ............................................................. 7.8 Huaca 44 ........................................................ 7.9 Lanlakuyok ..................................................... 7.10 Puca Pucara .................................................... 7.11 Tambomachay ................................................. 7.12 Sacsahuaman ................................................... 7.13 Mollaguanca ................................................... 7.14 Sapantiana ...................................................... 7.15 Rumiwasi Bajo ................................................. 7.16 Rumiwasi Alto ................................................. 7.17 Kusicallanca .................................................... 7.18 Tipon ............................................................ 7.19 Saihuite .......................................................... 7.20 Summary ........................................................
8 Orientations in the Sacred Valley ................................. 8.1 Chinchero ....................................................... 8.2 Pisac ............................................................... 8.3 Q'espiwanka ..................................................... 8.4 Cerro Pumahuachana .......................................... 8.5 Cerro Unoraqui ................................................. 8.6 Maras ............................................................ 8.7 Moray ............................................................ 8.8 Choquequilla ................................................... 8.9 Ollantaytambo .................................................. 8.10 Summary ........................................................
9 Orientations at and near Machu Picchu ........................ 9.1 History and Design ............................................ 9.2 Machu Picchu ................................................. 9.3 River Intihuatana ............................................... 9.4 Llactapata ...................................................... 9.5 Summary .......................................................
10 Discussion, Findings, and Conclusion .......................... 10.1 Discussion ...................................................... 10.2 Findings ......................................................... 10.3 Concluding Remarks ...........................................
Appendices ................................................................ A.1 Glossary ......................................................... A.2 Azimuths and Inclinations .................................... A.3 GPS Field Data ................................................. A.4 Magnetic Declination .......................................... A.5 Solar Horizon Positions ....................................... A.6 Sperical Trigonometry Formulae .............................
Bibliography ...............................................................
Index .........................................................................
Este título pertence ao(s) assunto(s) indicados(s). Para ver outros títulos clique no assunto desejado.
Inca astronomy;Inca cosmology;Inca culture;horizon calendar;solar pillar;Inca history;Inca mythology;huaca astronomy;Inca archaeoastronomy;Andes archaeastronomy;Andes astronomy;Inca calendar;Inca astronomical sites;Sacred Valley astronomy;Inca astronomy architecture
1 Introduction ....................................................... 2 Evolution of an Empire .......................................... 2.1 Before the Incas ............................................. 2.2 The Early Incas .............................................. 2.3 Rulers of Imperial Expansion .............................. 2.4 Spanish Conquest ............................................ 2.5 Inca Resistance ............................................... 2.6 The Catholic Purge .......................................... 2.7 Summary.......................................................
3 Cultural Context .................................................. 3.1 Religion ...................................................... 3.2 Cosmology ................................................... 3.3 Sacred Landscape ........................................... 3.4 Camay ......................................................... 3.5 Intihuatanas ................................................... 3.6 Sacred Animals .............................................. 3.7 Ancestors ..................................................... 3.8 Social Issues ................................................. 3.9 Organization ................................................. 3.10 Succession ................................................... 3.11 Festivals ...................................................... 3.12 Climate ....................................................... 3.13 Agriculture ................................................... 3.14 Irrigation ..................................................... 3.15 Imperial Expansion ......................................... 3.16 Pilgrimage ................................................... 3.17 Building an Empire ......................................... 3.18 Architecture .................................................. 3.19 Inca Roads ................................................... 3.20 Carved Rocks ................................................ 3.21 Summary .....................................................
4 Ceques and Huacas ................................................ 4.1 History ......................................................... 4.2 Ceques ......................................................... 4.3 Huacas ......................................................... 4.4 Huaca Maintenance and Worship .......................... 4.5 Ceque and Huaca Astronomy .............................. 4.6 Ceque System Controversy ................................. 4.7 Summary ......................................................
5 Archaeoastronomy ................................................ 5.1 The Celestial Sphere ........................................ 5.2 Motions of the Heavens .................................... 5.3 Solstices and Equinoxes .................................... 5.4 Cardinal Directions .......................................... 5.5 Zenith and Anti-Zenith Sun ................................. 5.6 Horizon Astronomy .......................................... 5.7 Field Research ................................................ 5.8 Summary ......................................................
6 Inca Astronomy and Cosmology ............................... 6.1 A Complex Astronomy ....................................... 6.2 Sun Worship ................................................... 6.3 Cosmology and Origins ...................................... 6.4 Principal Festivals and Ceremonies ........................ 6.5 Inca Horizon Astronomy ..................................... 6.6 Architectural Alignments .................................... 6.7 Ushnus, Sucancas, Pillars, and Gnomons .................. 6.8 Inca Calendar .................................................. 6.9 The Moon ...................................................... 6.10 The Milky Way ................................................ 6.11 Stars ............................................................ 6.12 Ceque System and the Stars ................................. 6.13 Cosmology and Atmospheric Phenomena ................. 6.14 Summary ......................................................
7 Orientations at or near Cusco, Tipon, and Saihute .......... 7.1 Kenko Grande ................................................... 7.2 Kenko Chico .................................................... 7.3 Mesa Redonda .................................................. 7.4 Tetecaca ......................................................... 7.5 Patallacta ......................................................... 7.6 Kusilluchayoc ................................................... 7.7 Lacco ............................................................. 7.8 Huaca 44 ........................................................ 7.9 Lanlakuyok ..................................................... 7.10 Puca Pucara .................................................... 7.11 Tambomachay ................................................. 7.12 Sacsahuaman ................................................... 7.13 Mollaguanca ................................................... 7.14 Sapantiana ...................................................... 7.15 Rumiwasi Bajo ................................................. 7.16 Rumiwasi Alto ................................................. 7.17 Kusicallanca .................................................... 7.18 Tipon ............................................................ 7.19 Saihuite .......................................................... 7.20 Summary ........................................................
8 Orientations in the Sacred Valley ................................. 8.1 Chinchero ....................................................... 8.2 Pisac ............................................................... 8.3 Q'espiwanka ..................................................... 8.4 Cerro Pumahuachana .......................................... 8.5 Cerro Unoraqui ................................................. 8.6 Maras ............................................................ 8.7 Moray ............................................................ 8.8 Choquequilla ................................................... 8.9 Ollantaytambo .................................................. 8.10 Summary ........................................................
9 Orientations at and near Machu Picchu ........................ 9.1 History and Design ............................................ 9.2 Machu Picchu ................................................. 9.3 River Intihuatana ............................................... 9.4 Llactapata ...................................................... 9.5 Summary .......................................................
10 Discussion, Findings, and Conclusion .......................... 10.1 Discussion ...................................................... 10.2 Findings ......................................................... 10.3 Concluding Remarks ...........................................
Appendices ................................................................ A.1 Glossary ......................................................... A.2 Azimuths and Inclinations .................................... A.3 GPS Field Data ................................................. A.4 Magnetic Declination .......................................... A.5 Solar Horizon Positions ....................................... A.6 Sperical Trigonometry Formulae .............................
Bibliography ...............................................................
Index .........................................................................
3 Cultural Context .................................................. 3.1 Religion ...................................................... 3.2 Cosmology ................................................... 3.3 Sacred Landscape ........................................... 3.4 Camay ......................................................... 3.5 Intihuatanas ................................................... 3.6 Sacred Animals .............................................. 3.7 Ancestors ..................................................... 3.8 Social Issues ................................................. 3.9 Organization ................................................. 3.10 Succession ................................................... 3.11 Festivals ...................................................... 3.12 Climate ....................................................... 3.13 Agriculture ................................................... 3.14 Irrigation ..................................................... 3.15 Imperial Expansion ......................................... 3.16 Pilgrimage ................................................... 3.17 Building an Empire ......................................... 3.18 Architecture .................................................. 3.19 Inca Roads ................................................... 3.20 Carved Rocks ................................................ 3.21 Summary .....................................................
4 Ceques and Huacas ................................................ 4.1 History ......................................................... 4.2 Ceques ......................................................... 4.3 Huacas ......................................................... 4.4 Huaca Maintenance and Worship .......................... 4.5 Ceque and Huaca Astronomy .............................. 4.6 Ceque System Controversy ................................. 4.7 Summary ......................................................
5 Archaeoastronomy ................................................ 5.1 The Celestial Sphere ........................................ 5.2 Motions of the Heavens .................................... 5.3 Solstices and Equinoxes .................................... 5.4 Cardinal Directions .......................................... 5.5 Zenith and Anti-Zenith Sun ................................. 5.6 Horizon Astronomy .......................................... 5.7 Field Research ................................................ 5.8 Summary ......................................................
6 Inca Astronomy and Cosmology ............................... 6.1 A Complex Astronomy ....................................... 6.2 Sun Worship ................................................... 6.3 Cosmology and Origins ...................................... 6.4 Principal Festivals and Ceremonies ........................ 6.5 Inca Horizon Astronomy ..................................... 6.6 Architectural Alignments .................................... 6.7 Ushnus, Sucancas, Pillars, and Gnomons .................. 6.8 Inca Calendar .................................................. 6.9 The Moon ...................................................... 6.10 The Milky Way ................................................ 6.11 Stars ............................................................ 6.12 Ceque System and the Stars ................................. 6.13 Cosmology and Atmospheric Phenomena ................. 6.14 Summary ......................................................
7 Orientations at or near Cusco, Tipon, and Saihute .......... 7.1 Kenko Grande ................................................... 7.2 Kenko Chico .................................................... 7.3 Mesa Redonda .................................................. 7.4 Tetecaca ......................................................... 7.5 Patallacta ......................................................... 7.6 Kusilluchayoc ................................................... 7.7 Lacco ............................................................. 7.8 Huaca 44 ........................................................ 7.9 Lanlakuyok ..................................................... 7.10 Puca Pucara .................................................... 7.11 Tambomachay ................................................. 7.12 Sacsahuaman ................................................... 7.13 Mollaguanca ................................................... 7.14 Sapantiana ...................................................... 7.15 Rumiwasi Bajo ................................................. 7.16 Rumiwasi Alto ................................................. 7.17 Kusicallanca .................................................... 7.18 Tipon ............................................................ 7.19 Saihuite .......................................................... 7.20 Summary ........................................................
8 Orientations in the Sacred Valley ................................. 8.1 Chinchero ....................................................... 8.2 Pisac ............................................................... 8.3 Q'espiwanka ..................................................... 8.4 Cerro Pumahuachana .......................................... 8.5 Cerro Unoraqui ................................................. 8.6 Maras ............................................................ 8.7 Moray ............................................................ 8.8 Choquequilla ................................................... 8.9 Ollantaytambo .................................................. 8.10 Summary ........................................................
9 Orientations at and near Machu Picchu ........................ 9.1 History and Design ............................................ 9.2 Machu Picchu ................................................. 9.3 River Intihuatana ............................................... 9.4 Llactapata ...................................................... 9.5 Summary .......................................................
10 Discussion, Findings, and Conclusion .......................... 10.1 Discussion ...................................................... 10.2 Findings ......................................................... 10.3 Concluding Remarks ...........................................
Appendices ................................................................ A.1 Glossary ......................................................... A.2 Azimuths and Inclinations .................................... A.3 GPS Field Data ................................................. A.4 Magnetic Declination .......................................... A.5 Solar Horizon Positions ....................................... A.6 Sperical Trigonometry Formulae .............................
Bibliography ...............................................................
Index .........................................................................
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