Arbitrary Withholding of Consent to Humanitarian Relief in Non-international Armed Conflict

????List of Abbreviations??


Introduction??

1?Current Situation


2?Conditions for Providing Humanitarian Relief


3?Can Consent to Relief Operations Be Withheld?


4?Aims of This Book


5?Structure of the Book




Part 1?

International Humanitarian Relief in Non-international Armed Conflicts?

1???Actors Involved in Relief Actions??

1?Affected State


2?Non-state Armed Groups


3?Humanitarian Actors


4?Non-belligerent States


5?Civilians




2???Legal Framework??

1?Overview


2?Relevant Laws and Principles




3???The Concept of Humanitarian Relief??

1?Historical Perspective


2?Defining Humanitarian Relief


3?Implementation of International Humanitarian Relief


4?Dilemma: Principle of 'Do No Harm'




4???Situation of Non-international Armed Conflicts??

1?Definition


2?Distinction from Internal Tensions and Disturbances


3?Distinction from International Armed Conflict




Part 2?

Rights and Duties of the Actors Involved in Relief Actions?

5???Introduction??


6???Rights and Duties of the Affected State??

1?State's Sovereignty as a Core Principle


2?Rights and Duties




7???Rights and Duties of Non-state Armed Groups??

1?Bound to International Law


2?Rights and Duties




8???Rights and Duties of Humanitarian Actors??

1?Adherence to Humanitarian Principles


2?Rights and Duties




9???Rights and Duties of Non-belligerent States??

1?Cooperation with Humanitarian Actors


2?Rights and Duties




10???Rights and Duties of Civilians??

1?Right on Respect and Protection


2?A Right to Receive Humanitarian Relief?


3?Duty Not to Take Part in Hostilities and Impede Relief Actions




Part 3?

Arbitrary Withholding of Consent to Relief Operations?

11???Characteristics of Withholding of Consent??

1?Withholding and Withdrawing of Consent


2?Forms of Expression




12???Prohibition of Arbitrary Withholding of Consent??

1?Legal Basis


2?Assessing Arbitrariness




13???Violation of Other International Obligations??

1?Relevant Breaches of Law


2?Breaches of ihl Obligations


3?Breaches of ihrl Obligations


4?Breaches under International Criminal Law




Part 4?

Legal Consequences of Arbitrary Withholding of Consent?

14???Introduction??


15???Accountability of the Affected State??

1?State Responsibility


2?Responsibility for Violation of Human Rights Treaties


3?Individual Responsibility under Criminal Law




16???Accountability of Non-state Armed Groups??

1?No Direct Responsibility of the Armed Group


2?Determination of Breaches within Monitoring Mechanisms


3?Individual Responsibility of the Members of the Armed Group




17???Remedies for Humanitarian Actors??

1?Possibility of Providing Relief without Consent?


2?Bilateral Dialogues and Public Pronouncement




18???Remedies for Non-belligerent States??

1?Obligation and Entitlement to Act


2?Non-judicial Mechanisms


3?Judicial Mechanisms




19???Remedies for Civilians??

1?Human Rights Complaint Procedures


2?Claims Commissions


3?Rights as Victims before the icc




Part 5?

Legal Gaps and Required Developments?

20???Introduction??


21???Currently Existing Gaps in the Law??

1?Law Governing Humanitarian Relief


2?Legal Status of Non-state Armed Groups


3?Legal Remedies




22???Developments Needed??

1?Enhancing Knowledge of the Applicable Law


2?Further Legal Regulations


3?Independent International Body for Assessing Arbitrariness


4?Integration of Non-state Armed Groups


5?New Enforcement Mechanism




?Conclusion??

1?Summary


2?Closing Remarks




Reports, Resolutions and Statements??


Table of Cases??


Bibliography??


Index??

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